The Procedure For An Outpatient Liposuction Procedure Is...

Liposuction is a procedure that is becoming very popular and common. Liposuction is a surgery to remove unwanted excess fat from the body such as the stomach, hips, thighs, buttocks, face and neck. This type of surgery is most commonly known for being a cosmetic type of surgery but is also done to those who need it to maintain a healthier lifestyle. Liposuction can be a lengthy process but there are also liposuctions that are done quickly and are outpatient procedures. Before you have the procedure done you must first consult your doctor and see if this surgery is right for you. The doctor will then conduct and interview with you and ask you simple questions regarding your daily activities such as eating habits, amount of exercise you do, if you smoke or drink, and if you are currently on any medications, along with many more questions. During the interview you will also be able to ask the doctor any questions regarding the procedure and what specific procedure will be right for you. An outpatient liposuction procedure is single procedures done in simple areas such as the face, arms, and neck. An inpatient procedure usually take hours and afterwards you must stay in the hospital for at least one day if there are no complications but with an outpatient procedure you can be done and out with everything in an hour or two depending on how long it takes for the anesthesia to ware off. The basic steps are the same with all liposuction procedures; there are several differentShow MoreRelated The Truth about Cosmetic Surgery Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagesmost popular trends in America today. Whether you are reading a magazine, watching the news, or a television program, you are likely to see something about cosmetic surgery. Within the past year, there have been several television programs dedicated to people â€Å"bettering† themselves through body augmenting surgeries. Millions of people undergo risky surgery every year simply to improve or enhance a feature or body part. While the results may seem foolproof and glamorous, it is actually a very risky

Analysis of Conclusion of Thoreau’s Walden Essay - 2987 Words

Analysis of â€Å"Conclusion† of Thoreau’s Walden The chapter entitled â€Å"Conclusion† is a fitting and compelling final chapter to Thoreau’s Walden. Throughout Walden, Thoreau delves into his surroundings, the very specifics of nature, and what he was thinking about, without employing any metaphors and including none of his poignant aphorisms. However, placed among these at-times tedious sections, come spectacular and wholly enjoyable interludes of great and profound thought from a writer that has become extremely popular in modern America. His growth of popularity over such contemporary favorites as Emerson in our modern era stems from the fact that Thoreau calls for an â€Å"ideological revolution to simplification† in our lives. This†¦show more content†¦He compares this ability and this behavior to humans which are, of course, now more sedentary creatures that cherish their homeland and do not wish to embark on worldly peregrinations as such. The young transcendentalist tells us that as a society we now choose to bind ourselves in certain earthly locations; however, we can still very easily get to hell. In a very direct and straightforward sense, he is saying that although human nature now wishes more than ever to stay in one place and move about less, we can still quite easily make the ultimately undesirable trip to an underworld, doomed to pay for sins, stationed in one place on Earth as they may be. â€Å"...Doctors prescribe for diseases of the skin merely,† Thoreau wrote. What did he mean? I believe that the young writer’s sentiment can be interpreted in a couple of manners. First, doctors during his time would be relying much more on just looking at the outer health and condition of the â€Å"skin† (as a synecdoche for the rest of the patient’s outer signs and symptoms) for making diagnoses and surmises about the fault of a patient’s health. On a much deeper and more symbolical level, the intellectual strata where Thoreau most likely intended the statement to be found, this statement could be in order to emphasize a point that doctors weren’t and still really aren’t able today to fix and diagnose problems and diseases of the human soul and spirit. The soul and conscienceShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast Thoreau And Walden1424 Words   |  6 PagesA Literary Analysis of works by Mary Oliver Henry David Thoreau Author, Henry David Thoreau and Mary Oliver are both very passionate about nature and what it has to offer in life, as well as the symbolism behind nature and its creatures in their works of literature, in â€Å"Walden†, and â€Å"The House of Light†, Both authors discuss their views of nature and the beauty of the world that they want to make familiar to their audience. In this essay, I’ll provide my reasoning behind this statementRead MoreEcocentrism And Environmentalism1578 Words   |  7 Pagesbeyond individual organisms such as their interrelatedness and contribution to the good of the whole ecosystem? Using Thoreau’s ecocentric philosophical viewpoint acquired through his time at Walden and the contemporary environmental issue of deforestation as an example will provide justification for the argument that ecosystems have moral standing and a good of its own. Analysis Ecocentrism regards the ethics of the environment using ecology to find deeper value in ecological entities, processesRead MoreHenry David Thoreau1930 Words   |  8 Pageswas â€Å"permanently poor,† he came to accept a moderate lifestyle, which may have later influenced his thoughts on the necessities of life (â€Å"Henry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ency. of World). As a child, he enjoyed exploring nature and was fascinated by its beauty. In his novel Walden, he remarks that â€Å"every morning was a cheerful invitation to make [his] life of equal simplicity†¦ with Nature herself,† and even contemplates that â€Å"[he had] never yet met a man who was quite awake† (Thoreau 70, 72). Thoreau believed that the trueRead MoreTranscendentalism Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pages Primarily started in New England, Ralph Waldo Emerson was a key component in this new philosophical era of intuitive, spiritual thinking. His unique style of literature (such as Self-Reliance and The Am erican Scholar) as well as Henry David Thoreau’s Walden brought objective ideas into the open, while critiquing the general state of intellectualism and spirituality at the time. The core of the values of transcendentalism can be stemmed from a mix of Hindu teachings and German idealism. These valuesRead MoreTranscendentalism in Civil Disobedience3710 Words   |  15 PagesTranscendentalism in Civil Disobedience Thoreaus Politics of Individuality and Nature Dannheisig 2 Contents Introduction 1. Transcendentalism a. Nature b. Introspective Conscience and Politics 2. Political Individualism a. Ethical and Political (In)justice b. Critique of Democracy Conclusion Bibliography 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Dannheisig 3 Introduction Henry David Thoreau was part of a movement called American Transcendentalism. To illuminate Thoreaus understanding of democracy, politicalRead MoreDeTocquevilles Benefits of Democracy Compared With the Principles Found in Walden1680 Words   |  7 Pagespublic spirit, a notion of rights, and respect for the law. Keeping these results of democracy in mind, while reading Thoreau’s Walden a reader will wonder whether or not the author is comfortable with the notion of living in a democratic government. To answer this question, it is useful to assess DeTocqueville’s benefits of democracy and compare them with the principles found in Walden. Of the first benefit, public spirit, DeTocqueville describes two types of patriotism. The first is based on aRead MoreHenry David Thoreau4404 Words   |  18 Pagesabolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian , philosopher andtranscendentalist. Henry David Thoreau was a complex man of many talents who worked hard to shape his craft and his life. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state. Henrys books, articles, essays, journals, and poetry totalRead MoreThe Great Traversers By Ralph Waldo Emerson2868 Words   |  12 PagesHarvard, Emerson touched the heart and brain of a young student by the name of Henry David Thoreau. Henry David Thoreau, was born in 1817 and although unbeknownst to his younger self would soon become a great leader in transcendental thought. During Thoreau’s graduation from Harvard, a speech entitled, The American Scholar, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, was given as the graduation speech. Thoreau became fascinated by Emerson’s way of thinking, (Transcendentalism) and wished to become a disciple of the greatRead MoreMasculinity in Chuck Palahniuks Work7062 Words   |  29 PagesMachiavellian and self-serving wars, have rendered men yearning for integral and worthy of emulation, male role models.2   Mendieta’s analysis of Palahniuk’s work takes a very direct approach in margining masculinity in crisis, directly blaming culture itself. I believe that Palahniuk’s characters are not victims of society’s emasculating effects, but subject to their own self-analysis.   What truly interests Palahniuk is the nature of man in response to this.   Palahniuk’s concern is not that men are no longer

A Tale Of Two Cities Essay Thesis Example For Students

A Tale Of Two Cities Essay Thesis Social Criticism in Literature, As Found in George Orwells Animal Farm and Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities. Many authors receive their inspiration for writing their literature from outside sources. The idea for a story could come from family, personal experiences, history, or even their own creativity. For authors that choose to write a book based on historical events, the inspiration might come from their particular viewpoint on the event that they want to dramatize. George Orwell and Charles Dickens wrote Animal Farm and A Tale of Two Cities, respectively, to express their disillusionment with society and human nature. Animal Farm, written in 1944, is a book that tells the animal fable of a farm in which the farm animals revolt against their human masters. It is an example of social criticism in literature in which Orwell satirized the events in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution. He anthropomorphises the animals, and alludes each one to a counterpart in Russian history. A Tale of Two Cities also typifies this kind of literature. Besides the central theme of love, is another prevalent theme, that of a revolution gone bad. He shows us that, unfortunately, human nature causes us to be vengeful and, for some of us, overly ambitious. Both these books are similar in that both describe how, even with the best of intentions, our ambitions get the best of us. Both authors also demonstrate that violence and the Machiavellian attitude of the ends justifying the means are deplorable. George Orwell wrote Animal Farm, . . . to discredit the Soviet system by showing its inhumanity and its back-sliding from ideals he valued . . . (Gardner, 106) Orwell noted that there exists in England almost no literature of disillusionment with the Soviet Union. Instead, that country is viewed either with ignorant disapproval or with uncritical admiration.'(Gardner, 96) The basic synopsis is this: Old Major, an old boar in Manor Farm, tells the other animals of his dream of animalism: . . . Only get rid of Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. Almost overnight we would become rich and free.' (Orwell, 10) The other animals take this utopian idea to heart, and one day actually do revolt and drive the humans out. Two pigs emerge as leaders: Napoleon and Snowball. They constantly argued, but one day, due to a difference over plans to build a windmill, Napoleon exiled Snowball. Almost immediately, Napoleon established a totalitarian government. Soon, the pigs began to get special favours, until finally, they were indistinguishable from humans to the other animals. Immediately the reader can begin to draw parallels between the books characters and the government in 1917-44 Russia. For example, Old Major, who invented the idea of animalism, is seen as representing Karl Marx, the creator of communism. Snowball represents Trotsky, a Russian leader after the revolution. He was driven out by Napoleon, who represents Stalin, the most powerful figure in the country. Napoleon then proceeded to remove the freedoms of the animals, and established a dictatorship, under the public veil of animalism. Pigs represent the ruling class because of their stereotype: dirty animals with insatiable appetites. Boxer, the overworked, incredibly strong, dumb horse represents the common worker in Russia. The two surrounding farms represent two of the countries on the global stage with Russia at the time, Germany and England. Orwell begins his book by criticizing the capitalists and ruling elite, who are represented in Animal Farm by Mr. Jones, the farmer. He is shown as a negligent drunk, who constantly starved his animals. His character is already established as self-indulgent and uncaring. .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 , .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 .postImageUrl , .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 , .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5:hover , .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5:visited , .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5:active { border:0!important; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5:active , .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5 .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udf35c111a6bfdd929b06079cfa3f5ba5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Beloved (435 words) Essay (King, 8) Orwell shows us how, if only animals became aware of their strength, we should have no power over them, and that men exploit animals in much the same way as the rich exploit the proletariat.(Gardner, 97) What was established in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution was not true communism (animalism), which Orwell approved of, where the people owned all the factories and land. Rather, state communism was established, where a central government owned them. Orwell thought that such a political system, state communism, was open to exploitation by its leaders.

Summary of Aloha Products Case Study free essay sample

Aloha Product  Maximus Eko Raharjo Aloha products that highlight its industry in coffee specialty should be concern about the control system and the measurement system applied in the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Aloha Products Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The company should first understand the characteristic of the coffee industry itself. First of all, the coffee trade originated from the grower to the buyer either broker or roasters are made based on a very good relationship. In short it is a trust business. The grower will sell the coffee to the individual or firm that they knew very well and vice versa. After getting sufficient knowledge about the characteristic of coffee trading method, the company also should pay attention upon the emerging trends that the overall coffee drinker numbers are shrinking although coffee specialty drinks are still in a big favor. The company has an autonomous purchasing unit that deals with the coffee purchasing and supplies it to the other production department in the company. The unit maintains a good relationship with the coffee brokerage and their suppliers. The unit also treats each contract made as an individual contract. The contracts are usually made long time before the delivery date. Applying those methods the company gets both benefits and disadvantages. The company is still be able to book a rationale profit but also a lot of the department in the company are dissatisfied with the practice. The company harvested complaints from the department concerning of the gross margin computing method and also the strategy execution. If I may suggest, first of all, the company better build a good relationship to the grower instead of the broker. The company even can do the vertical integration if they find a qualified grower to keep their supply all year long. It is because the contracts that treated individually and cost the company a lot of problem. The cost tends to be bigger that they appear. The contract with the brokerage was made long time before the delivery date, and in the delivery date there are still some obstacles that can drive the cost higher than before. In short, the company is exposed to too many risks by applying the existed methods. It was stated in the case that they experienced loss in the contract with Kona no. 2. The company was facing a declining demand on the due date of the delivery time. Second thing, the autonomy of its purchasing unit is rationale because of its significance in dealing with the raw materials. In fact, sometimes the autonomy issue can lead one unit into the loss of proper control of the entral unit. Therefore, it is okay to let the unit to have such autonomy but the central office still have to control and maintain the degree of its autonomous. In dealing with the performance measurement of the departments among the company, EVA approach could suit best here.

Animal Testing Essays (586 words) - Animal Welfare, Bioethics

Animal Testing Essays (586 words) - Animal Welfare, Bioethics Animal Testing Speaking Outline: Animal Testing Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience about the three major ways of how scientific experiments on animal is inhumane. Introduction I. Put yourself into an animals position. Imagine that you are being poked and probed by needles for the benefits of humans. II. Animals are being abuse more and more everyday in scientific experiments. III. I have pets and Im against animal testing, so knowing that animals are used in research is appalling. IV. Some research and scientific experiments are impractical and immoral. Animals are being overly abuse. V. Today, I am going to discuss to you about the three major ways of how scientific experiments on animal is inhumane: there is unnecessary abuse, it is unethical, and most of the experiments are unneeded. Body I. The first major way of how scientific experiments on animals are inhumane is the unnecessary abuse. A. Animals are in an unnatural environment. 1. They are constantly being locked up, so they cant grow normally like others in their species. B. Animals are injected with unnatural, man-made chemicals. 1. The Environmental Protection Agency plan to do a test to evaluate the effects of industrial chemicals on the human hormonal system by looking at animals reproductive system. a. Between 600,000 and 1.2 million animals will be killed for every 1,000 chemical tested. b. They estimated that between 5,000 and 87,000 chemicals would be tested. c. Theres a non-animal screening procedure called HTPS that could screen out many chemicals from the need for further testing, thereby saving many animals lives, but the EPA still intends to use animal testing. C. Radioactive materials are being used on animals. 1. Such radioactive materials are microwaves. a. In India, they would put bunnies in microwaves just to observe what would happen. 2. Animals are trained using electrical materials. a. Scientists train dogs using electrical shock. II. The second major way of how scientific experiments on animals are inhumane is unethical. A. Animals are living organisms and should be treated like humans. B. They dont have a choice of whether they want to be tested or not. C. We wouldnt want to be injected with chemicals and be physically abused, so why should they? III. The third major way of how scientific experiments on animals are inhumane is unnecessary. A. Animals are being killed by useless experiments that dont even benefit humans. 1. One example is at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. They are doing useless lug experiments on dogs. a. They would remove 68% of those foxhounds lungs and forced them to run on treadmills with masks placed over their faces. b. To fit the mask, the dog canine teeth are cut down. c. After exercises are completed, the dogs are killed and their lugs are examined. B. According to R. Hamlin, D.V.M. said, The only conclusion I can reach is that tremendous pain and suffering are being inflicted upon helpless dogs under the guise of research, and the results being attained are admittedly of no benefits to mankind. Conclusion I. In conclusion, animal testing should not be allowed, if not then at least limit it. Its better saving some, than none at all. II. The abuse on animals are not necessary, its unethical, and most of the time useless to humans. III. Animal testing is cruel and merciless. IV. Treat animals as if they are humans since they are living souls too. Try to put yourself in their shoes.

Using the Spanish Preposition Tras

Using the Spanish Preposition 'Tras' The Spanish preposition tras, usually meaning behind or after, isnt a particularly common preposition. In fact, you could probably get by without even using it at all, as the prepositional phrases detrs de (behind in location) and despuà ©s de (after in time) can usually be used instead. Tras is more common in writing than in speech. Even so, tras has significant use in journalese (its a shorter word to use in headlines) and in a few phrases such as uno tras otro (one after the other) and dà ­a tras dà ­a (day after day). Here are the most common meanings of tras, along with examples of its use. Tras Meaning After (In Time) Tras is sometimes used to mean after (in time), as in the following examples: Se degradà ³ la libertad de prensa tras la eleccià ³n. (Freedom of the press was diminished after the election.) El restaurante abre de nuevo tras ser cerrado. (The restaurant is opening again after being closed.) Tras Meaning In Pursuit Of Tras can also mean after (in the sense of advancing toward or being in pursuit of), as in these cases: Iba  tras  las riquezas.  (He was after riches.)   El perro salià ³Ã‚  tras  ella.  (The dog went after her.) Tras Meaning Behind It can also be used to say behind (in location), as in these examples: Tras las puertas cerradas puede haber violencia. (Behind closed doors there can be violence.) Necesita contraseà ±a para participar en las conversaciones tras la pared de proteccià ³n corporativa. (You need a password in order to participate in conversations behind the corporate firewall.) Tras- as a Prefix Tras- also is commonly used as a prefix, where it is a shortened form of trans- and often the equivalent of the English prefix trans-, as in  trascendental (transcendental), trascribir (to transcribe), trascontinental (transcontinental).

The Lack of a Plan for New Business and Design Case Study

The Lack of a Plan for New Business and Design - Case Study Example She believes that Kelly is being an obstructionist, and not allowing the project enough of the programmers time, dooming the project to failure. She believes that it is worth extending the companies budget to bring in outside programmers to ensure the project's success. Kelly Thomas believes that this project is unreasonable. Without a set plan for developing new projects, there is no way to ensure enough quality control testing. She also believes that what Pat is asking is unreasonable, and is not possible in the time frame that Pat Lambert has asked for. She recognizes that an increased budget still does not speed up development time. Chris Martinas believes that this project is integral to the success of the company. At the same time, he shows some ambivalence as to whether this program is actually what they need, especially considering the increase in budget Pat is asking for. Chris would like the project to succeed, but also recognizes that it needs to be kept within the company, and not done by hiring other programmers. Cliff's arguments are reasonable; he recognizes that with a broadening market that his company needs to expand to remain competitive. His recognition that older customers should not be ignored and that the budget for the new project needs to remain low is also very reasonable. He recognizes that change is necessary, but that it should only be good for the company.

W6 D Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

W6 D - Assignment Example (â€Å"UN, United Nations†, n.d.) The UDHR also, incidentally, is a part of the International Bill of Human Rights, which encompasses several other instruments that work simultaneously in upholding the fundamental rights of individuals regardless of their legal status. Within the ambit of a globalising world, there have been several instances when nation-states, whether collectively or individually, whether by agreement or otherwise, have stepped in to resolve issues of rampant human rights abuses in tyrannical dictatorships and in instances of racial genocides. Recent examples include the NATO intervening in Libya in 2011to stop its long-time dictator Muammar Gaddafi from committing such atrocities; the stepping in of the United Nations’ Peace Keeping Forces in Congo, Kosovo, Liberia and Sudan. These are just a few examples when the concept of â€Å"humanitarian intervention† as enshrined in the UN Charter as an exception to general non-intervention gained publi c light and scrutiny. What this means is that, as a general rule, nation-states are prohibited from interfering in the domestic affairs of other states, except when such an intervention is on humanitarian grounds and is justified by its objective of putting a stop to instances of rampant human rights violations occurring in the state. The evolution of this widely agreed, albeit contentious, law can be said to have been triggered by the Nazi pogroms against the Jews. The collective conscience of the world was shocked as the realization dawned on them that while an attempt was made at exterminating a whole race of people, other people of the world chose to look the other way. That should not be allowed to pass ever again. After it has been established with reasonable agreement amongst jurists that an individual is a subject of international law, as opposed to the object of it, the hierarchical position of importance given to its subjects faced a dynamic change. At this juncture, uphol ding the rights of individual attention received a great fillip at the international level, even at the expense of the rights of a nation-state. This can be said to be a gift of the French and American Revolutions and general enlightenment in the body of laws as to the status of individuals. While, on the one hand, slavery, discrimination and other forms of subjugating people were outlawed, states began to be tasked with a greater burden of international accountability with respect to any violations thereof (â€Å"UN Criticized for Using Private Security Firms†, n.d.). Whether or not an intervention is legitimate and in the interest of upholding international justice remains a question with tenuous answers. There is a wide array of justifications provided by intervening states and even more so by states that have been accused of carrying on these violations. There are different questions: whether such an intervention has been sanctioned by the Security Council or the General Assembly of the UN, whether such an intervention was indeed necessitated by the scale of such violations, whether a proportionate amount of force was used, and whether there exist any ulterior motives or vested interests lying at the

Psychology and New Technology Program Essay Example for Free

Psychology and New Technology Program Essay ABC Corporation has made a decision to purchase a new technology program for their employees. Because this technology program is new, employees ranging from age 17- 70 needs to be train. Training must be complete with six months. Before training is implement, four fundamental principles of adult education, including psychological, sociocultural, biological, and cognitive must be analyze. Because of the age range it would feasible to divide the employee into two groups. First group is Young learners (YL) age group 17-25 and the second group is Adult learners (AL) age group 26-71. The AL group will require multiple sessions because of the number of employee in this group. Before training begins, both groups must prepare for learning, therefore an open discussion regarding the new technology program, training plan process and how it will affect the employees will be discuss, this discussion will gain support and full participation from the employees. After analyzing both groups, the biological factor for the YL group will not have a strong impact. Most young learner between the ages of 17-25 is computer knowledgeable and is familiar with the 21st century social media and is open for change with new technology. YL group would benefit from Web-Based Training (WBT) instead of the traditional classroom forum. Many young leaners prefer a teaching method that would keep them engaged, and eager. WBT is the delivery method for the YL group. The adult learners (AL) ages 26-70 may not be a computer literate and would benefit from the traditional classroom approach. The AL group would require the adult educator to have patience, slow lecturing, plenty of hands on exercise, and frequent breaks. Hands on exercise are a memory factor that would benefit the AL group two months after been train. Most adults learners tend to forget what they have learned. Information that goes into adult leaner memory is memorize if the learner practices remembering the information soon after he or she learns it. Psychological factors deals with individuals’ way of thinking and learning. Separating the groups would allow the employees to learn and collaborate within their age group. Developing two groups will allow the learners to relate to each other, and feel comfortable learning. Training both groups together would be challenging for the adult educator as well as the employees. The possibility of redundant questions would slow down the class, which could result in less participation. Cognitive factor is the process of obtaining knowledge through experiences. The Adult learner (AL) is in charge of their own learning. They focus on what will advance their career and life circumstances. The Young learners (YL) rely on others to tell them what they should learn. Both groups learning environment has an impact on how well they comprehend the new technology program. The YL group would benefit from a self pace, web base training module or a stimulation module with active interaction of practical and theory scenarios. Each module will require an assessment and a passing score of 90% or higher to advance to the next module. This learning style would allow the YL group to continue to make use of 21st technology. The AL group would not benefit from web base training. Most adult learners are not comfortable learning new technology, in this case the employees does not have an option. The AL group who is not adaptive to change would find it challenging to learn a new technology program via a computer; this would be an internal factor that may take time to overcome. The job of the trainer is to make the learner apart of the learning process, by asking for volunteers, or asking experiences related questions. The AL groups are concern with why and how to apply this new technology. Sociocultural deals with how adults deal with individual learning and how learning takes place. Dividing employees into separate groups will be beneficial at the end of training. Both groups can relate to their own learning team. The YL group want experience classroom group interaction with their team. Web-based training (WBT) is similar to distance learning. There will be online discussion, and e-mail dialogue. The AL group will build possibly new relationships, interact more, discuss challenges, and success. In conclusion, in order for the ABC Company to be effective with the new technology program, the recommendation is to divide the employees into separate groups, and categorize them as Adult Learner (AL), Young Learners (YL). This approach would be beneficial from the adult learner perspective and applying the four fundamental principles, simplifies the training plan and the assurance that training will be complete successfully within six months. Afterward employees will be able to apply the new concepts, and best practices of the new technology program.

The Relational Nature of Species Concepts :: Species Positivism Essays

The Relational Nature of Species Concepts ABSTRACT: Édouard Le Roy as early as 1901 observed the existence of an intellectual movement seeking to break from traditional positivism and set for himself the task of drawing up the program of this new positivism. Noting that this program precedes the Vienna Circle, I endeavor to determine its nature and to evaluate its impact on logical positivism. Viewed in this light, the discussions between Le Roy, Poincarà © and Duhem appear more prolonged and substantial than is usually thought. What we have here is perhaps not a homogeneous doctrine but a vigorous intellectual movement, from which logical positivists were able to borrow specific theses in their attempts to mitigate Mach's strict positivism; more important still, they had before them an example of neopositivism. History is not the only concern: among the issues debated, one encounters the claim that facts are theory-laden. This claim still stirs controversy today. An inquiry into the origins of the claim is one way of c larifying the arguments involved. The definition of the concept of a species has been a recurrent issue in evolutionary biology at least since the publication of The origin of species (Darwin, 1859). Despite numerous treatments (e.g., Ghiselin, 1974, 1987; Hull, 1976a, 1976b, 1978; Kitcher, 1984; Kitts, 1984; Kitts & Kitts, 1979; Mayr, 1957, 1963, 1976a, 1976b, 1987; Meglitsch, 1954; Mishler & Brandon, 1987; Mishler & Donoghue, 1982; Sober, 1984; Sokal, 1973; Sokal & Crovello, 1970; Wiley, 1978), the species problem still represents a conceptual issue. In the present paper, I submit that all species concepts are relational in nature. In its most general expression, this idea is not new. Indeed, according to Mayr (1976a), "the species concept is a relational concept" (p. 480). However, the interpretation and further elaboration I propose is different from Mayr's. The crucial difference is that I adopt the set-theoretic notion of a relation. A consequence of this adoption is that, in contrast to Mayr, who restricts his idea to the relation of reproductive isolation (which defines his own species concept), I argue that the set-theoretic notion of a relation allows us to define any species concept in terms of some kind of relation. A second consequence has to do with the rejection expressed by Mayr and others towards viewing species as sets. I shall have something to say about this issue at the end of the paper. The notion of a relation is central to scientific concepts in general, and the species concept is no exception.

Plantation agriculture Essay

Plantation agriculture is a kind of commercial arable farming in the world. It is especially important in humid tropics with luxuriant growth of vegetation. Its economic effectiveness is always emphasized, bringing both positive and negative impacts. In recent decades, crop diversification is introduced and the ecological balance of the natural environment is greatly conserved. Plantation agriculture refers to the growing of cash crops on large foreign owned estates in countries of tropical environment. It is usually practiced in a large scale with monoculture, in which only a certain type of plant is dominant. Take Papua New Guinea as an example, in the area, cacao, coffee and rubber are mainly grown in the region for export to other countries. Under this kind of farming, there are positive impacts to the economy. Firstly, due to its large scale of operation and being export-oriented in Papua New Guinea, the supply of products is regular and of uniformly high quality. With high demand for the products, this attracts large amount of investment of capital from the foreign countries, such as Europe and North America, thus allowing the farmers being financially able to provide the expensive machinery capable of turning out a high grade product. Benefiting from economies of scale, this enables both the transportation cost and production cost to be lowered. Secondly, plantations are also able to undertake greater scientific research and the eradication of pests and diseases. For example, one large sugar company in the former British colony of Guyana was able to employ a large research staff to produce a strain of sugar cane resistant to leaf-scald disease. Besides, government assistance has brought improved crop varieties, scientific research, new pesticides and fertilizers and effective marketing, The government of Papua New Guinea launched The Cape Hoskins Oil Palm Scheme to solve land disputes of many small holdings, strengthening national self-reliance. With increasing demand for the plantation, the employment rate of Papua New Guinea is greatly increased as there are more needs for personnel to manage crop growing and researching. Some crop processing and manufacturing industries are set up to satisfy the demand for crops. The farm productivity is increased as well. As people can earn more income from this kind of farming, this stimulates the rate of urbanization, hence the development of infrastructure and improvement of public facilities, such as roads, railways, ports, towns, schools, hospitals and the supply of electricity and water. As a result, the living standard of the labour is greatly improved. Despite the economic benefits, plantation farming somehow brings negative impacts to Papua New Guinea. First is the reliance upon the protected markets in Australia. At present, about one-third of the copra, 40 percent of the coffee, most of the cocoa and rubber is exported to Australia, which is assigned to admit duty free. In return, Papua New Guinea has to pay taxes for any imports. This leads to outflow of capital to foreign countries because this kind of farming is highly export-oriented. Second is the problem of labour. Plantations require large amount of cheap labour, but the wage rate is progressively higher because of the rising living standard and commercialization of the country. This increases the cost of production and thus reduces the competitiveness among other countries for the same kind of farming. Apart from this, the risk of crop failure is an important factor for consideration. As plantation agriculture is highly specialized. People highly rely on monoculture to earn a living. When the price of cash crops falls drastically or there is a sudden of crop failure, the income of farmers will fall as well. As a result, the earning of farmers tend to be unstable and badly affected the national income of Papua New Guinea. Besides, people have to import other necessities from other countries instead of planting within their own country, self-sufficiency cannot be achieved. In this way, there is no other source to safeguard the return of farmers. To overcome the negative impacts, crop diversification is a good method to reduce the over-reliance on certain types of cash crops. Ecologically, this method can also be beneficial to the environment. Since different types of crops are grown, the risk of crop failure decreases. This can stop the spread of diseases and pests for a particular type of crops. The population of pests decreases. This in turn reduces the use of pesticides. Hence, the chance of stream pollution is smaller, the sea organisms will not be poisoned or suffocated so easily, the nutrient flow can be more stable. There will be greater diversity of species of biomass, so the ecosystem will be more stable. Furthermore, diversification of crops increases the vegetation cover. There will be less surface runoff and soil erosion, yet infiltration increases. The nutrients of the soil can be preserved. Crop diversification also reduces the exhaustion of certain type of nutrients, fertility can be maintained and thus the use of fertilizer will be less common as well. Climatically, because of less crop failures, the amount of biomass increases. The evapotranspiration rate and wind speed can be more stable, so the microclimate can be maintained constant, the risk of global warming will not be getting serious so fast. In conclusion, plantation of cash crops is significant in Papua New Guinea for economic development. Though crop diversification may not be as profitable as plantation agriculture, ecological environment should not be ignored. In long-term, diversification of crops is a good way to safeguard the natural environment and brings more stable income to the farmers as well.

Business Environment Essay

1. Aim: The aim of this unit is to give learners an understanding of individual and group behaviour in organisations and to examine current theories and their application in managing behaviour in the workplace. 2. Unit abstract: This unit focuses on the behaviour of individuals and groups within organisations. It explores the links between the structure and culture of organisations and how these interact and influence the behaviour of the workforce. The structure of a large multi-national company with thousands of employees worldwide will be very different from a small local business with 20 employees. The way in which an organisation structures and organises its workforce will impact on the culture that develops within the organisation. This system of shared values and beliefs will determine and shape the accepted patterns of behaviour of an organisations workforce. The culture in organisations that differ in size, for example, or are from different sectors of the economy can be very different. The structure and culture of an organisation are key factors which contribute to motivating the workforce at all levels of the organisation. The Japanese were instrumental in developing a culture of ‘continuous improvement through teamwork’ in their manufacturing industry. This culture has now been exported around the world and encapsulates the way in which structure and culture contribute to patterns of behaviour in the workplace. This unit will develop learner understanding of the behaviour of people within organisations and of the significance that organisational design has on shaping that behaviour.

Analysis of whether or not Transcendentalism is relevant to modern-day society.

Analysis of whether or not Transcendentalism is relevant to modern-day society. Some aspects of Transcendentalism can be applied in today's society, while others have lost their relevance due to the changes of social and economic conditions since the time of Thoreau. The Transcendentalists' goal was to create a Utopia in America. They believed in a society without rules in which you would be free to do whatever you wanted as long as it did not infringe on the freedom or well-being of others. The concept of what is a Utopia is different for every person. In today's densely populated countries it appears almost impossible to do anything that does not affect or infringe upon someone else.The Transcendentalists also believed in the Jeffersonian philosophy that each generation should only be concerned with itself and its own well-being, which would assure a solid foundation for the next generation. I think this would not work in today's society because there are many things we could do to help our generation but would make later generations pay a price.Thoreau's quot e near his cabin site, Walden Pond.An example of this would be providing jobs for a strip-mining project to help the current generation's economy, while it destroys the environment for later generations. Transcendentalist beliefs of adding onto the previous generations' efforts would not work if each generation, in helping itself, is destroying the Earth.The Transcendentalists also believed that one should live simply, with few material possessions. To explain this point, we consider how much the sheer volume of material possessions has changed over the years. When cave men roamed the earth, an elaborate material possession might have been a wood club studded with rocks, or an especially beautiful loincloth. In the 1800s, an automobile was a possession of great material value. Thoreau had a small house, 3 chairs, a desk, 2 suits, and a few books. He was...

The Comma in Punctuation

The Comma in Punctuation A comma is a  punctuation mark  that separates elements and ideas within a sentence. The comma is the most common mark of punctuation- and the most commonly misused. In his  Time magazine essay,  In Praise of the Humble Comma, author and essayist Pico Iyer compared the  punctuation mark to a flashing yellow light that asks us only to slow down. Knowing when to insert that flashing light (the comma)  and when is it better to let the sentence ride on without interruption is a conundrum that challenges even the most expert of writers. Learning a few simple rules can help you master when to use a comma and when to omit it. How to Use Commas Correctly Place a comma in front of any coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet) that joins two independent clauses  in a compound sentence. Author  Maya Angelou  used this example of a comma before a coordinating conjunction in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings: I sliced onionsNote how Angelous sentence contains two independent clauses- each could stand on its own as a sentence- but the author, instead, decided to join them with the coordinating conjunction  and, which was preceded with a comma. If the two independent clauses are short, however, you can usually omit the comma: Jimmy rode his bike and Jill walked. In most cases, do  not  use a comma before a conjunction that links two words or phrases: Jack  and  Diane sang  and  danced all night. In a Series Use commas to separate words and phrases in a series of three or more: Everyone  Use a  comma to separate  adjectives  that are  coordinate  (adjectives that are interchangeable before or after a  noun): The books are You can tell whether adjectives are coordinate by inserting the conjunction  and  between them. If the sentence makes sense, the adjectives are coordinate and should be separated by commas. By contrast,  cumulative adjectives- two or more  adjectives  that build on one another and together  modify  a  noun- are generally  not  separated by  commas: I wrote in a After an Introductory Clause To signal a pause, use a comma after an introductory word, phrase, or clause: Use a comma after a  phrase  or  clause  that precedes the  subject  of the sentence: Lacking brothers and sistersIf the introductory element doesnt require a pause, you can usually omit the comma To Set Off Phrases Use commas to set off  interrupting phrases  and  nonrestrictive elements- words, phrases, or clauses that provide  added (though not essential) information to a sentence. For example: He sat back in his chairBut dont use commas to set off words that directly affect the essential meaning of the sentence: Your manuscript is both good and original. But the part  Other Uses for Commas Use a comma between the day and year in a date, in numbers greater than 999 (except in street addresses and years), and between the city and state in a location: The last time I was there was Jan. 8, 2008.The house is located at 1255 Oak Street, Huntsville, Ala.He had 1,244,555 marbles in his collection.In the year 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. When a phrase refers to a month, day, and year, set off the year with a comma, says The Associated Press Stylebook, 2018: Feb. 14, 2020, is the target date The Oxford, or Serial, Comma The  Oxford  comma, also called the serial comma, precedes the  conjunction  before the final item in a list of three or more items. It is usually optional and is generally  not  used when only  two  parallel  items are connected by a conjunction:  faith and charity: This song was composed by Moe, Larry, and  Curly. Though the  AP Stylebook  is a notable exception, most American  style guides  recommend using the serial comma for the sake of  clarity  and consistency. In contrast, most British style guides discourage use of the serial comma unless the items in the series would be confusing without it. As Joan I. Miller says in The Punctuation Handbook: Nothing is gained by omitting the final comma in a  list, while clarity can be lost in some cases through misreading. The Oxford comma is so called because it has traditionally been used by editors and printers at Oxford University Press. New Englanders may favor the term  Harvard comma  (the convention is also followed by Harvard University Press). Commas and Meaning The comma can alter the  meaning of a sentence, says  Noah Lukeman in A Dash of Style: The Art and Mastery of Punctuation. Consider: The windows with the glass treatment are holding up well.The windows, with the glass treatment, are holding up well. In the latter sentence, the windows are holding up well because of the glass treatment, says Lukeman. In the former, the windows, which were treated with a glass treatment, are holding up well in general. The entire meaning of the sentence changes, simply due to the comma placement, he notes. Source Miller, Joan I. The Punctuation Handbook. Paperback, Wipf Stock Pub, 1683.

Communications-Medium vs. Message - Fitting the Message to the Channel Essay

Communications-Medium vs. Message - Fitting the Message to the Channel - Essay Example Nowadays, the electronic mail has emerged as a most effective tool of modern business communication. Its significance becomes most relevant especially in organizations which have a global presence or caters to overseas clients. Its potential as the fastest and easiest means of written communication has made it the most popular method of exchanging messages in the modern world. E mails can be classified into two categories: web mail and POP 3 mail (Post Office protocol). Most of the free services provide web mail system, while POP 3 mails services come with a subscription to any internet service. A lot of companies like G mail, Yahoo, Hot mail etc are providing free e mail services which anybody can use by registering with the concerned service provider. However my organization has our own server to meet our internet and e mail requirements. Apart from the benefit of speed, e mails are very convenient to use. It enables us to retrieve any mail through sorting by data. It also provides the facility to forward mails received from one source to any number of persons. One can also customize a mail and present it in an artful manner in a few seconds. While e mails offer convenience and speed it has some demerits also. If misused it can become a potential source of embarrassment or even litigation apart from being a security risk. Therefore it is necessary for a company to evolve some policy regarding e mail and internet usage. My organization has explicit guidelines if any of the policies of the company. We also have a system in place to monitor internet and e mail usage by the employees. Fax is the short form of facsimile which means ‘make copy’. In this system, scanned texts or images are transmitted through a telephone to another telephone connected with a printer or any other such output device. Thus a document or image is copied in digital form and sent as

The Philosophic Solution for Self-realisation Essay

The Philosophic Solution for Self-realisation - Essay Example Substance abuse like alcoholism although is an associated outcome of depression, Peter our subject was in the clutches of alcoholism well early in his adolescence. The behavioral problems and emotional problems encountered by Peter reveals that the treatment for his depression received from the GP did not include any treatment with antidepressant drugs, as detection of depressive disorders did not found associated with long-term outcome. (Anderson I.M., D.J.Nutt, J.F.W.Deakin, 2000). The case study of Peter is difficult to be discussed in the absence of any information about his mental status, Conversation styles, and intelligence. However, a history of cross-gendered behavior in adolescence is doubted to have caused the homosexual trait in him. The family background of Peter especially of his parents is of much importance to fix the location of his homosexuality, which unfortunately is absent in our study. It is not clear if Peter was forced to be a misogynist in his youth or not. Hence his homosexuality could only be ascertained theoretically with the help of literature available. 1) This theory accounts for the higher incidence of alcoholism in gays than heterosexuals. This theory explains that gay bars are the one and only place where gays are able to meet their fraternal mates. This ‘fraternity syndrome’ spreads a compulsive drinking habit among the gays. 2) These theories hold that internalized homophobia, self-hatred, shame and so on, the external oppression of a homophobic society and hiding one's identity are as important as gay bars in understanding the etiology and incidence of their alcoholism. 3) This theory comprises three stages. In stage I a gay man accepts his gayness as appositive one. In stage II, while seeing the self in negative state tries to rid the self of homophobia by learning more about the gay world.  

Before the night falls. Comparison of the book and film Essay

Before the night falls. Comparison of the book and film - Essay Example Julian Schnabel made a movie based on this memoir. The movie with the same name as the book, like the book, recounts Arenas’ life. It details his birth in rural Cuba, his youth and his growth as a writer. It shows how he struggled to get published his works considered counterrevolutionary by the Cuban government, his imprisonment and his eventual release from Cuba. It shows him migrating to the U.S. achieving some recognition and success there, before dying of AIDS. Schnabel inevitably has not been able to put the whole content of the book into the movie. However the essence and most of the themes of the book have been incorporated into the movie. Adapted films may be able to bring a book to life. However it is not possible to make a movie from a book with as much detail or depth as a book. In Schnabel’s case adaptation of Before Night Falls, became even more difficult because the book was not only the story of the life of one man but the book also portrayed political history that was quite complicated in nature. A faithful and total adaptation of the memoir would need more than six hours of viewing. Schnabel while missing out on many portions of the book however remains faithful to some of the important actual events in the life of Arenas. Schnabel handles the movie with a light touch with none of the weighty sequences found in the book. He does no go into the details of the brutality and torment Arenas experiences in prison. The descri ption of life in the Cuban prison had made the book unique. Arena’s sexual explorations portrayed in the book are portrayed quite timidly in the film. Schnabel does explore the pleasure, freedom and promiscuity of beach culture, but he does this only peripherally. In the book, according to Arenas he has had about 5000 sexual partners by the age of 25. However in the film, he is shown as having no more than what he can

Child Care Principles in Social Work

Child Care Principles in Social Work Professional child care in the field of social work, have come under intense scrutiny recently. Much of this scrutiny, concerns the way in which partnership and interagency work contributes to best practice in the assessment of children, young people and families. This paper seeks to explore the principles of collaborative work and highlight why it is necessary that inter-agency work is successful and efficient in the field of social work. In doing so, will provide examples and discuss current guidelines for partnership work and strategies of new assessment practices to ensure its effectiveness. The essay will also address common problems of interagency and partnership work and identify policies to guard against these potential issues. The Department of Health (1998) in encouraging the use of partnership, stressed that â€Å"joined up services† should be the hallmark of good service delivery. The Audit Commission (1998) declares that for services to be efficient and effective, there must be â€Å"mandatory partnership working†. At a basic level, inter-agency and partnership are formal institutional terms attributed to the practice of and need for different agencies and sectors to â€Å"work together†. According to Whittington (2003), â€Å"partnership is a state of relationship at organizational, group, professional or inter-personal level, to be achieved, maintained and reviewed†, while â€Å"collaboration is an active process of partnership in action.† It is within the umbrella term of partnership, that terms such as ‘inter-agency’ and ‘multi-agency’ arise to pin down the policies and concretise the practice of ‘joined-up’ work between agen cies. The principles of collaborative working stipulate that there should be seamless interaction between agencies to facilitate best practice and ultimately improving care services. In a research of 30 multiagency organizations in health and education and over 140 staff, Atkinson et al (2002) found the following necessary principles for inter-agency work: Common aims and objectives Organizational commitment to the aims and objectives Thorough understanding of the various roles and responsibilities of other involved professionals and agencies Solid leadership Ensuring task delegation and referrals are to the correct personnel Access to resources In addition, Whittington and Bell (2001) established that the ability to work together effectively require many skills which are essential for social workers, such as: the ability to challenge discrimination by other agencies and professions, the ability to conduct multi-disciplinary meetings, the ability to respect and manage issues of confidentiality, and being able to handle conflicts and manage systems and human resource that will need to adapt to change. There are many policy directives which mandate partnership work within services relating to child care and assessment, and one of these is the 2003 government green paper, Every Child Matters policy document which stipulates the development of Children’s Trusts, to ensure that agencies work effectively together to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. Children’s Trusts emerged after the death of eight year-old Victoria Climbià © who even after repeated visits to hospitals and visits by social workers, her abuse was not identified and she subsequently died. The Laming Report of 2003, an inquiry into Victoria’s death concluded that the young girl’s death could have been avoided if individual social workers, police officers, doctors and nurses who came into contact with the girl, had effectively responded to Victorias needs. He emphatically declared that Victoria’s death represented a â€Å"gross failure of the system†, wherein, not on e of the agencies or individuals â€Å"had the presence of mind to follow what are relatively straightforward procedures on how to respond to a child about whom there is concern of deliberate harm†. The Children’s Act of 2004 in Section 10, mandated the â€Å"duty to co-operate† on agencies involved in child care protection and assessment. On November 18, 2008, the Children’s Trust outlined in a release which identified the partners with a duty to co-operate as: district councils, the police, the probation board, the youth offending team, the Strategic Health Authority and Primary Care Trusts, Connexions partnerships, and the Learning and Skills Council. Moreover, in 2004, the government rolled out the National Service Framework for Children and Young People (NSF), a ten year strategy document which aims to improve the support and services that young people, children, parents and carers receive. It stipulates ten different standards which will largely depend on efficient partnership and inter-agency work to be successful. To assist in the efficient assessment of children and young people across services, the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) ensures that frontline delivery of integrated services to children and young people are streamlined for maximum efficiency. It is a standardised assessment methodology across service sectors, which aims to ensure that any inadequacies in service delivery to children are picked up quickly. The CAF looks into the child’s social and health environment to assess the role of the parents or carers, as well as the child’s own strengths and weaknesses, in order to make a reasoned and informed judgment about the child’s present and future well-being. This CAF method of assessment provides much more room and space for preventative action. The Working Together to Safeguard Children (2006) is another policy guideline for frontline managers and social workers to improve inter-agency work in order to safeguard the welfare of children. It asserts that all persons with responsibility for children must display full commitment and that there should be clear lines of accountability. The job of safeguarding children and young people, falls under the authority of the Local Authority (LA) whose main objective is to ensure that young people are protected from harm, They ensure this by vigourously pursuing exacting partnership standards â€Å"with other public organisations, the voluntary sector, children and young people, parents and carers, and the wider community† (Working Together to Safeguard Children: 2006). A tripartite system which incorporating the police, the Local Authority and other agencies help to improve the quality of service and ensure the seamless interaction between agencies in safeguarding children. Socia l Workers who are directly involved in the assessment of children and young people, must be knowledgeable to these inter-agency links and all up to date protocols of inter-agency work to ensure best practice. Behan (2005) at the National Conference for Integrated Children’s Framework, stated that â€Å"services must improve outcomes for children, and organise themselves round the child rather than expect the child to move from one service to another. To be successful services have to work in partnership.† As was demonstrated in the Victoria Climbià © case, and more recently the case of â€Å"Baby P†, who died after being tortured by his mothers and two others and whose suffering was missed by the many individuals and agencies who came into contact with him, inter-agency does not always work, despite many policy guidelines and duty of care responsibilities. This essay will now examine some of the challenges to effective collaborative working. One of the most prominent challenges to effective and efficient inter-agency and partnership work to safeguard children from harm, is the existence of power struggles between various agencies. As stated earlier, Atkinson et al (2002) asserted that a commitment to the ideal and practice of partnership must be bought into by all agencies to avoid power struggles. There are many instances, whereby social workers sometimes outline that their child care reports are not heeded by health care professionals who come into contact with children deemed at risk. Leiba and Weinstein (2003) argues that while many social workers have to work closely with nurses and doctors in the UK to safeguard children, there were significant ideological and cultural differences with how they approached their work. Mathers and Gask (1995) suggests that GP’s become frustrated with the long assessment process that social workers require for best practice. Leiba and Weinstein (2003) lament that such differences can cause power struggles between health professionals who may thin that â€Å"medical-know-how† should trump seemingly long-winded assessment models. They further state that power struggles can be exacerbated by the nature of professional education which normalise professionals into different, values, jargon and culture and the â€Å"fear of dilution and associated professional protectionism† ( Leiba and Weinstein: 2003). The language of health has been said to be very alienating and does not usually give space to social work theories and assessments (Peck and Norman: 1999). Leiba (2003) maintains that even though the Health Act of 1983 and the National Service Framework stipulates greater co-operation between health and social care services, in practice this has been very hard to achieve. He cites the example of requirements for a single assessment strategy across services, but highlights how each agency continue s to compile its own data. because accommodate the Douek (2003) further argues that parents and carers can become very frustrated when the collaboration process is not a seamless one and a lack of co-operation from a parent or carer can be extremely detrimental to the child assessment process. Conclusively, it can be stated that the cases of Victoria Climbià © and more recently â€Å"Baby P†, demonstrate that in order to safeguard and protect children and young people from harm, it is absolutely essential that inter-agency and partnership guidelines are executed. The many policy directives such as the NSF, the CAF, and the 2006 Working to Safeguard Children document should be zealously advocated across agencies and total organizational commitment to the principles around partnership should be elucidated from top to bottom in institutional structures, in order to eliminate power struggles. Social workers, with responsibility for child assessment, should vehemently pursue best practice by following Whittington’s (2003) earlier advice, and report negligence and discriminatory practices which could lead to the harm of children. Such practices ultimately benefit the children and young people and their families, when total commitment to partnership is shown and in ter-agency policies do work. References Atkinson, M., Wilkin, A., Stott, A., Doherty, P. and Kinder, K. (2002) Multi-Agency Working: A Detailed Study. LGA Research Report 26. Slough, Berkshire: National Foundation for Educational Research. Behan, D. (2005) Inspecting Children’s Services in Partnership. Paper presented at the National Conference for Integrated Framework. Accessed on December 7, 2008 at: http://www.csci.org.uk/Docs/inspecting_in_partnership.doc. Children’s Workforce Development Council. (2006) Common Assessment Framework. http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/resources-and-practice/IG00063/ Department of Health. (1999) The Challenge of Partnership in Child Protection: Practice Guide. Department of Health. (Spetember 2004) National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services. The Stationery Office. Accessed on December 7, 2008 at: www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/ ChildrenServices/ChildrenServicesInformation/fs/en Department for Education and Skills (2006) Working Together to Safeguard Children. Accessed on December 7, 2008 at: http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/_files/AE53C8F9D7AEB1B23E403514A6C1B17D.pdf. Douek, S. (2003) Collaboration or Confusion: The Carers’ Perspective. In, Jenny Weinstein, Colin Whittington, Tony Leiba, Collaboration in Social Work Practice. London: Jessica Kingsley. Laming WH. (2003) The Victoria Climbià © Report. London: Stationery Office. Accessed on December 7, 2008 at: www.victoria-climbie-inquiry.org.uk/finreport/finreport.htm. Leiba, T. and Weinstein, J. (2003) Who are the Participants in the Collaborative Process and What Makes Collaboration Succeed or Fail? In, Jenny Weinstein, Colin Whittington, Tony Leiba, Collaboration in Social Work Practice. London: Jessica Kingsley. Mathers, N.J. and Gask, L. (1995) Surviving the â€Å"Heartsink† Experience. Journal of Family Practice, Vol. 2 (17), pp. 6-183. Peck, E. and Norman, L.J. (1999) Working Together in Adult Community Mental Health Services: Exploring Inter-professional Role Relations. Journal of Mental Health, Vol. 8 (3), pp. 231-242. Whittington, C. (2003) Collaboration and Partnership in Context. In, Jenny Weinstein, Colin Whittington, Tony Leiba, Collaboration in Social Work Practice. London: Jessica Kingsley. Whittington, C. and Bell, L. (2001) Learning for Interprofessional and Inter-agency Practice in the New Social Work Curriculum: Evidence from an Earlier Research Study. Journal of Interprofessional Care, Vol 15 (2), pp. 153-169.

Heart of Darkness and Lord of the Flies :: comparison compare contrast essays

Heart of Darkness and Lord of the Flies    Seldom are works as brilliantly written as Conrad's Heart of Darkness or Golding's Lord of the Flies.   There are effective comparisons and contrasts between the two novels. The novels deal with many similar issues and contain many of the same themes.      Many of the themes present in Heart of Darkness and also present in Lord of the Flies.   Both novels deal with the theme of civilization versus savagery.   Also, both novels imply that every man has a heart of darkness or an evil that is usually drowned out by the light of civilization. However, when removed from civilized society, the raw evil of untamed lifestyles within his soul will be unleashed. For example,   in the Heart of Darkness the main character Marlow journeys up the Thames river and as he gets further away from civilization, the more he journey's into a heart of darkness.   A darkness where societal morals no longer exist and savagery has taken over.   In the Lord of the Flies the boys in the novel are stranded on an island and the longer they stay on the island and are absent from civilization the more savage like they become.         Another similarity between the two novels is that the parallels between the protagonists and the antagonists are quite similar.   Both the novels have a character who willingly gives into his heart of darkness, and a character who sees the savagery of those who are consumed and fights to return to civilization.   For example, in the Heart of Darkness Kurtz gave into his heart of darkness and let his evil tendencies take over.   He was a one point a man who values morals but gave into his evil side when removed from civilization.   Marlow on the other hand also journeys away from civilization but he does not let his values deteriorate such as Kurtz.   In Lord of the Flies Jack gave into his evil side and becomes savage like, and begins turning against the ones who were his friends.   Ralph on the other hand was not as easily consumed by his evil side.   Until his death, Ralph   realized the savagery of the others especially Jack.

Pluralistic and Elitist Matrix Essay

Introduction Power is an essentially contested concept. Power is an inherently political concept. Therefore, to define power, we should constitute components of political sociology. Power is the ability to share, exercise or delegate responsibilities and authority (Byme, 2010). There are various theories of power; the pluralists, elitists and Marxists. Pluralists explain the way power is distributed in the society. Elitists show how power is concentrated in the society. Marxists show how class conflict with economic power (Connolly, 2006). However, this paper will create a matrix of difference between the pluralist and elitist. Under pluralists, political power is split and detached. The presence of social classes, status groups, political parties, interest groups and pressure groups are evidence of power distribution. It is agreeable that groups provide more efficient and effective means of representation than the electoral process (Patron et al.., 2006). Pluralists provide that no one group will dominate because every group has equal and opposite changes. It postulates that the larger the group, the more influencing power it has. Policies prove as the outcomes of their bargaining; therefore, compromises tend to be moderate, fair to all and conductive to social balance. The state is so impartial in the contending groups and behaves like an orientation between them. Pluralists are divided into two groups: insider and outsider groups. Insider groups are those that are more powerful as they form part of establishments. Insider groups can work intimately with the voted and selected Provo in both central and local authorities. However, the group is not so beneficial because it is conferred upon those with principally attuned opinions to the ruling regime. On the other hand, outside groups are less powerful and do not have easy access to politicians and civil servants since its outside status is a sign of weakness. Groups can choose to remain outside because perhaps to avoid  being compromised (Hill, 2005). An example of this system is the National Union Party (NUP). NUP from the pluralistic view is an independent party group formed and given power during an electoral process to represent and fight for the rights and interests of citizens. The roles and representing interests are put in the manifesto. Elitists, on the other hand, include the ruling over by small elite groups that make decisions or rules over a large group which is submissive and marginalized in political powers (rothkopf, 2008). Elitists have colossal sources of power got either through wealth possessions, religious authority or traditional authority in the society. Modern democracy contains democratic elitism opportunities for the ordinary passive masses to vote in various elites to rule over them (Patron et al.., 2006). Distribution of power in society reflects the inequities in wealth. Some groups have few resources, and others have many. Some interests are unorganized; some rely on others to protect them, for instance, the poor, mentally ill, children, homeless, and women among others. Groups always fight their battles in a pattern that is systematically loaded in favor of middle and upper-class interests or the interests of economic groups (Richardson et al.., 2011). For example, Public oversight Authority (POA) from an elitist viewpoint is a politically organized committee with the purpose of raising and spending resources so as to withdraw and choose a political candidate. POA represents youth, employments, business projects and youths with special interests.POA can raise up to $20000 to promote a committee in the national political party. In conclusion, the difference in sources, nature, analysis and verdict of power between the Pluralists and Elitists is stated by the following matrix. Pluralists Elitists Sources of power Interests of the society Elite group formation Nature of power Detached intense Analysis of power Positive neutral Ultimate verdict The system of power is engaged. The system of ruling is accepted. References Byrne, R. (2010). The power. New York: Atria Books. Connolly, W. E. (2006). Political science and ideology. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Hill, M. (2005). The public policy process (4. Ed.). New York: Pearson Longman. Patron, S., & Phelan, M. (2006). The higher power of Lucky. New York: Atheneum Books for Young Readers. Richardson, I., Kakabadse, A., & Kakabadse, N. (2011). Bilderberg people: elite power and consensus in world affairs. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Rothkopf, D. J. (2008). Superclass: the global power elite and the world they are making. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Philippine Quality Awards Essay

â€Å" We recognize Lyceum of the Philippines University Batangas- educational institution that has proven the old adage,† The more you know, the more you don’t know†- that success only opens our eyes to the many things that we can do better. And without doubt, it has continued to better itself†, Pres. Benigno S. Aquino III said in his speech, during the 15th Philippine Quality Awards, Malacaňan Palace, Dec 12. LPU is awarded with recognition for commitment to quality management along with other three companies, Don Bosco Technical College, Optev, Inc., Thomson Reuters Corporation Pte. Ltd. Philippine Branch. â€Å" This is the time when we are reminded just how important it is to improve our capacities. Whether there’s an emergency or not, it is always vital to recognize those who have not wavered on the path to self improvement, and that is precisely why we are here today. Given the week we’ve just had, this event is a welcome step back- awarding companies in our country who have performed exceptionally well†, Aquino cited. Patterned after Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award, PQA (Philippine Quality Award) was institutionalized through Republic Act 9013, 2001. PQA grants recognition to public and private organizations and other stakeholders who strive to attain performance excellence. â€Å"Companies like you have done a lot for our people. You have invested in them; you have given them the platform on which they can impress the whole world with their talents†, he further quoted. President Aquino emphasized in his speech that â€Å" Made in the Philippines† are not inferior and urged that more Filipino companies should join in the battle against that backwards attitude that used to say, â€Å"Pwede na†. â€Å"I am certain that we will get to the point where our products and services, and most importantly, our people will truly shine in the world stage continuously.†, President Aquino concluded. Mr. Peter p. Laurel, LPU-B President received the PQA trophy. Also present in the conferment ceremonies were Dr. Flora V. Javier ( Consultant for Special Projects and Planning/ Dean, Institute of Advanced Studies), Dr. Fe R. Medina ( VP for Institutional Affairs), Dr. Dexter R. Buted ( VP for LIMA Campus) and academic and non-academic heads.

All the Transition Words Youll Ever Need for Academic Writing

All the Transition Words Youll Ever Need for Academic Writing In academic writing, transitions are the glue that holds your ideas together. Without them, your writing would be illogical and lack flow, making it difficult for your audience to understand or replicate your research.In this article, we will discuss the types of transitions based on their purpose. Familiarizing yourself with these most-used and best transition terms for academic writing will help bring clarity to your essays and make the writing process much easier on you.Like the links on a chain, transition words hold an academic paper together and make ideas flow logically. Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash.Types of transitionsThere are four types of transitions: Causal, Sequential, Adversative and Additive. Below, weve listed the most commonly used transitions in each of these categories, as well as examples of how they might be used to begin a paragraph or sentence.CausalWhen you use causal transitions, you are letting your reader know that there is a cause-and-effect relation ship between ideas or paragraphs or consequences.Accordingly (Accordingly, the author states†¦)All else being equal (All else being equal, these ideas correlate†¦)As a consequence (As a consequence, all data were aggregated†¦)As a result (of this) (As a result of this finding, scholars now agree†¦)Because (of the fact that) (Because of the fact that these numbers show signs of declining,†¦)Because (of this) (Because of this, scholars determined†¦)Consequently (Consequently, the research was stalled†¦)Due to (the fact that) (Due to the fact that all prior studies showed similar results,†¦)For the purpose(s) of (For the purposes of our argument, we will†¦)For this reason (For this reason, the researchers†¦)Granted (that) (Granted that the numbers were significantly higher, the study†¦)Granting (that) (Granting that the data was collected incorrectly, the researchers felt†¦)If†¦then (If this data is significant, then it i s obvious that†¦)If so (If so, the data is not useable†¦)In the event (In the event that it is not significant, we should consider that†¦)Inasmuch as (Insomuch as the authors attempt to refute these findings, research suggests that†¦)In the hope that (In the hope that new data will encourage more in-depth research, the author found that†¦.)In that case (In that case, weve found that†¦)Only if (Only if data is insubstantial should findings be ignored, thus†¦)Otherwise (Otherwise, the research would continue†¦)Owing to (the fact) (Owing to the fact that the gathered data is incorrect, †¦)Provided (that) (Provided that the same results occur, we can assume that†¦)Since (Since it would seem futile to continue to study this topic, we posit that†¦)So as to (So as to clarify past remarks, we initiated further research†¦)So long as (So long as there is established credibility, this journal seeks†¦.)So much (so) that (The data is manipulated so much so that it cant be used to clarify†¦)Therefore (Therefore, this result compromises the exploration into†¦)That being the case (That being the case, we should look into alternatives†¦)Thus (Thus, it would see that further research†¦)Unless (Unless this calls to question the original hypothesis, the exploration of this topic would be†¦)With (this fact) in mind (With this fact in mind, lets consider another alternative†¦)Under those circumstances (Under those circumstances, fewer participants†¦)SequentialSequential transitions show a numerical sequence or the continuation of a thought or action. They are used to establish an order to your main points in an academic essay, and help create a logical outline for your writing.(Once) again (Once again, this is not a reason for lack of rigor†¦)After (this) (After this, it would seem most prudent to†¦)Afterwards (Afterwards, it seemed a moot point to determine†¦)Altogeth er (Altogether, these data suggest that†¦)Anyway (Anyway, such loss would prove to be damaging..)As (was) mentioned earlier/above (As was mentioned above, the lack of attention given to†¦)As (was) stated before (As was stated before, there is little evidence show†¦)As a final point (As a final point, consider the connection between†¦)At any rate (At any rate, loss of significance was vital to†¦)By the way (By the way, one cant assume that†¦)Coincidentally (Coincidentally, this affected the nature of†¦)Consequently (Consequently, Smith found that†¦)Eventually (Eventually, more was needed to sustain†¦)Finally (Finally, we now know that†¦First (First, it seems that even with the additional data†¦)First of all (First of all, none of the respondents felt that†¦)Given these points (Given these points, its easy to see that†¦)Hence (Hence, we see that the above details†¦)In conclusion (In conclusion, since the data shows significant growth...)In summary (In summary, there are not enough studies to show the correlation†¦)In the (first/second/third) place (In the first place, we found that†¦)Incidentally (Incidentally, no findings showed a positive outlook†¦)Initially (Initially, we noticed that the authors†¦.)Last (Last, the most significant growth appeared to happen when†¦)Next (Next, its important to note that†¦)Overall (Overall, we found that†¦.)Previously (Previously, it was shown that†¦)Returning to the subject (Returning to the subject, careful observation of trends†¦)Second (Second, it was impossible to know the†¦)Secondly (Secondly, in looking at variable related to†¦)Subsequently (Subsequently, we found that†¦)Summarizing (this) (Summarizing this, the authors noted that†¦)Therefore (Therefore, the connection is unknown between†¦)Third (Third, when data were collected†¦)Thirdly (Thirdly, we noticed that†¦)Thus (Th us, there was no evidence that†¦)To conclude (To conclude, the findings suggest that†¦)To repeat (To repeat, no studies found evidence that†¦)To resume (To resume the conversation, we began discussing†¦)To start with (To start with, there is no evidence that†¦)To sum up (To sum up, significant correlation was found†¦)Ultimately (Ultimately, no studies found evidence of†¦)Adversative TransitionsAdversative transitions show contrast, counter arguments or an alternative suggestion.Above all (Above all, we found that†¦Admittedly (Admittedly, the findings suggest that†¦)All the same (All the same, without knowing which direction the study would take†¦)Although (Although much is to be learned from†¦)At any rate (At any rate, we concluded that...)At least (At least, with these results, we can†¦)Be that as it may (Be that as it may, there was no significant correlation between†¦)Besides (Besides, it is obvious that†¦)But (But, the causal relationship between†¦)By way of contrast (By the way of contrast, we note that†¦)Conversely (Conversely, there was no correlation between†¦)Despite (this) (Despite this, the findings are clear in that†¦)Either way (Either way, studies fail to approach the topic from†¦)Even more (Even more, we can conclude that†¦)Even so (Even so, there is a lack of evidence showing†¦)Even though (Even though the participants were unaware of which †¦.)However (However, it becomes clear that†¦)In any case (In any case, there were enough reponses†¦)In any event (In any event, we noted that†¦)In contrast (In contrast, the new data suggests that†¦)In fact (In fact, there is a loss of†¦)In spite of (this) (In spite of this, we note that†¦)Indeed (Indeed, it becomes clear that†¦)Instead (of) (Instead of publishing our findings early, we chose to)More/Most importantly (More importantly, there have not been any†¦)Nevertheless (Nevertheless, it becomes clear that†¦)Nonetheless (Nonetheless, we failed to note how†¦)Notwithstanding (this) (Notwithstanding this, there was little evidence†¦)On the contrary (On the contrary, no active users were†¦)On the other hand (On the other hand, we cannot avoid†¦)Primarily (Primarily, it becomes significant as†¦)Rather (Rather, none of this is relevant†¦)Regardless (of) (Regardless of previous results, the authors†¦)Significantly (Significantly, there was little correlation between†¦)Still (Still, nothing was noted in the diary†¦)Whereas (Whereas little evidence has been given to†¦)While (While causality is lacking†¦)Yet (Yet, it becomes clear that†¦)Additive TransitionsYoull use an additive transition to relate when new information is being added or highlighted to something that was just mentioned.Additionally (Additionally, it can be noted that†¦)Also (Also, there was no evidence thatà ¢â‚¬ ¦.)As a matter of fact (As a matter of fact, the evidence fails to show†¦)As for (this) (As for this, we can posit that†¦)By the same token (By the same token, no studies have concluded†¦)Concerning (this) (Concerning this, there is little evidence to†¦)Considering (this) (Considering this, we must then return to†¦)Equally (Equally, there was no correlation†¦)Especially (Especially, the study reveals that†¦)For example (For example, a loss of ones†¦.)For instance (For instance, there was little evidence showing†¦)Furthermore (Furthermore, a lack of knowledge on†¦)In a similar way (In a similar way, new findings show that†¦)In addition to (In addition to this new evidence, we note that†¦)In fact (In fact, none of the prior studies showed†¦)In other words (In other words, there was a lack of†¦)In particular (In particular, no relationship was revealed†¦)In the same way (In the same way, new studies suggest that†¦)Likewise (Likewise, we noted that†¦)Looking at (this information) (Looking at this information, its clear to see how†¦)Moreover (Moreover, the loss of reputation of†¦)Namely (Namely, the authors noted that†¦)Not only†¦but also (Not only did the study reveal new findings, but also it demonstrated how†¦.)Notably (Notably, no other studies have been done†¦)On the subject of (this) (On the subject of awareness, participants agreed that†¦.)One example (of this is) (One example of this is how the new data†¦)Particularly (Particularly, there is little evidence showing†¦)Regarding (this) (Regarding this, there were concerns that†¦)Similarly (Similarly, we note that†¦)Specifically (Specifically, there were responses that†¦)That is (That is, little attention is given to†¦)The fact that (The fact that the participants felt misinformed†¦)This means (that) (This means that conclusive findings are†¦)To il lustrate (To illustrate, one participant wrote that†¦.)To put it another way (To put it another way, there is little reason to†¦)What this means is (What this means is the authors failed to†¦)With regards to (this) (With regards to this, we cannot assume that†¦)Making the choiceWhen deciding which transition would best fit in each instance, keep in mind a few of these tips:Avoid using the same transition too much, as it could make your writing repetitive.Check at the beginning of each paragraph to ensure that a) youve included a transition, if one was needed, and b) its the correct transition to accurately relate the type of logical connection youre forming between ideas.Be sure that if you are using sequential transitions, they match. For example, if you use first to highlight your first point, second should come next, then third, etc. You wouldnt want to use first, followed by secondly.

Key Determinants of Success during Global Project Team Implementation The WritePass Journal

Key Determinants of Success during Global Project Team Implementation Key Determinants of Success during Global Project Team Implementation CHAPTER ONERESEARCH PROPOSAL1.0 BACKGROUND1.1 Problem Statement1.2 Project Definition1.2.1 Aim1.2.2 ObjectivesTo suggest recommendations necessary to the findings of the study.1.2.3 Scope of Study1.2.4 Project/Research Conditions1.3 Justification / Rational1.3.1 Business1.3.2 Academic1.3.3 Personal2.0 METHODOLOGY2.1 Sources and Scope of Data2.2 Data Analysis2.3 Data Presentation3.0 PROJECT OUTLINE3.1 Project Approach3.2  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organization of the study4.0 RESEARCH REQUIREMENT AND RESEARCH SCHEDULE4.1 Resource Requirement4.2 Schedule and Work Plan5.0 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS6.0 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONCHAPTER TWO   LITERATURE REVIEW2.0 Purpose of the Literature Review2.1 Global Project Teams2.2 Global Projects2.3 Significance of Global Project Team Implementation in the 21st EraREFERENCESBIBILOGRAPHYRelated CHAPTER ONE RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1.0 BACKGROUND The world has evolved into a place where employees of organisations are of different nationalities and work outside their countries of origin. With the increase in globalization and the expansion of matrix-based organisations, managers/project teams need to work in culturally diverse project environments. Every global company’s competitive advantage depends on its ability to coordinate critical resources and information that are spread across different geographical locations. Govindarajan and Gupta (2001) having explored numerous organisational mechanisms concluded that the most effective tool to integrate dispersed cross-border operations is global corporation teams. Global teams are comprised of individuals with different skills, nationalities and cultures. These individuals come together to coordinate and manage aspects of multinational operation on a global basis (Govindarajen and Gupta 2001). 1.1 Problem Statement International projects are mainly driven by global project teams which provide room for a wide pool of talent, potential cost reductions, enforcement of internal competition and possible quality improvements (Eberlein 2008). In line with contemporary globalization being manifested in all spheres of business including international projects, Tomlinson (1999) attests that globalisation is a central theme in every modern business society and consequently poses additional challenge for project managers. To curb this challenge, many critical success factors have been discussed in a broader spectrum covering a range of Project Management knowledge areas. In as much as globalization impacts project management approaches and provokes the need for project teams to cope with the challenges resulting from an ever more dynamic environment of international projects. The problem this project seeks to resolve is to evaluate structures required to facilitate success in global project team implementa tion whilst staying sensitive to the diversity of persons involved in the project. 1.2 Project Definition 1.2.1 Aim The overall aim is to identify key determinants for effective global project team success. 1.2.2 Objectives In order to achieve the above aim, the following objectives are necessary: To examine theories and definition of effective global teams to achieve successful project implementation. To evaluate key determinants of successful global team implementation. To assess the potential challenges that may affect successful global team project implementation. To suggest recommendations necessary to the findings of the study. 1.2.3 Scope of Study 1.2.4 Project/Research Conditions The research conditions in this report refer to the assumptions, constraints and considerations which are aligned to the research objectives outlined in section 1.2.2. Factors considered being true, that may impede project progress and any external validating factors of the project (Hill 2004; Carmichael 2003; Heldman and Mangano 2009) are further discussed in Table 1. Table 1: Assumptions, Constraints, Considerations ASSUMPTIONS CONSTRAINTS CONSIDERATIONS Key determinants of success during global project team implementation has become critical in every international project and when discounted may vehemently   nce thesis.examine data, it is necessary to_________________________________________________________________   affect organizational functioning. Project Scope: the magnitude of the project could also be a constraint due to the vast project deliverables which will require more planning and resources to accomplish. Scope and Requirement Specifications Materials will be available and sufficient to facilitate accuracy in compilation of facts and figures as well as successful completion and handover of research results. Project Time: project has a schedule and this could serve as a constraint as it is expected not to exceed its timeline. Organisation of the Study No one technique or model adequately accounts as the critical success factor to facilitate successful global project team implementation hence the adoption of various models of effective team. Project Budget: approved budget could restrict the project team since they are left with no other option than to work within this budget. The economic, social and environmental trends of the project 1.3 Justification / Rational The proposed research seeks to propound a theory by way of complementing existing studies thereby contributing to substantiate the existing theories. Upon completion, it is expected that the proposed research will address the reasons for certain global or international projects’ liability to failures including inevitable challenges that may be faced during and after the project. The research will also provide standard and acceptable success models worth considering in global projects. It is, however, expected that the proposed research will contribute to the existing body of literature on matters of effective global team work as well as potential challenges that may affect successful global project team implementation. 1.3.1 Business Goldberg (2008) examines that, â€Å"We live in a project world that is characterized by frequent changes, complexity and virtual expertise. In such a world knowledge identification and sharing is a necessity. In effect, projects that cross borders offer unique opportunities as well as embrace significant risks. To ensure successful cross-border collaboration, careful selection and alignment are however, not enough (Freedman and Katz 2007), rather, certain deliverables must be aimed at and achieved to consider the project successful. 1.3.2 Academic The research holds a global view which conceptualises the success factors as a multi-dimensional concept. As a result, this research contributes to the generic success factors literature in project management by discussing five key determinants to be considered in every global project implementation. 1.3.3 Personal As an emerging Project Manager who aspires to be identified within a global project team, this research will equip me to better appreciate certain determinants of success which when considered will have a significant impact on global projects. 2.0 METHODOLOGY A qualitative research approach via content analysis and critical discussions as well as analysis will be employed in order to achieve the set objectives of this proposal. Considering the time frame allocated for this exercise, a secondary research methodology is deemed appropriate and will be adopted to congregate information. Literature to be reviewed as secondary data will be sourced from text books, journals and relevant websites via extensive research. Much of the work will also involve brainstorming exercises in order to develop substantial research analysis. 2.1 Sources and Scope of Data The research will use a structured approach to evalu ­ate existing literature from  secondary data ranging from publications, research reports, and conference papers. Selection of articles in reviewed academic journals such as the Project Management Jour ­nal (PMJ) and the International Journal of Project Management (IJPM) will be mainly employed since these are considered the leading project management specific journals (Henrie and Sousa-Poza, 2005). Text books to be used for analysis will be sourced electronically and from libraries. Online databases such Science Direct, Emerald, and Business Source Premier will be used to source for other data that relates to the subject matter. 2.2 Data Analysis To appropriately address the objectives of this research proposal, literature will be reviewed to draw out the relative ideas and opinions to evaluate critical success factors in global team implementation. Pictorial representation as well as descriptive analysis in the form of theoretical analysis and critical evaluation will be employed to analyse information gathered. 2.3 Data Presentation Tables and Figures will be used in presenting data. If necessary, schematic diagrams will be employed to illustrate certain findings. 3.0 PROJECT OUTLINE 3.1 Project Approach The phases of the research have been aligned with the APM lifecycle model in Figure 1. 3.2  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organization of the study The study will be organized into five chapters. Chapter One will entail the introduction, problem statement, aim, objectives, methodology, justification of the study, organization of the study in addition to operational definitions to facilitate precise implications of certain words and phrases. Chapter Two will review available literature on Global projects, Global teams and their associated significance in the 21st broad-based international projects era among others findings. Chapter Three will be in two parts. The first part will comprise of what project success factors are and the importance attached to their definition at the commencement of a project. Data gathered will be presented and discussed in the second part of this chapter on five key determinants of success with regards to Global team projects. Chapter Four will entail factors that may affect the swift implementation of projects within a Global setting as well as the role of the project manager to ensure proper implementation. Chapter Five will summarise the findings by drawing a coherent conclusion and propose strategic recommendations through lessons learnt. By examining literature from journals, articles and text books, recommendations will be suggested through a broadened horizon of lessons learnt. 4.0 RESEARCH REQUIREMENT AND RESEARCH SCHEDULE 4.1 Resource Requirement The resource requirements for the research are the articles, journals, text books and relevant literature on Global teams within international projects and critical project success factors to be considered in facilitating successful global project team implementation. All these data are assumed to be free and readily available. At this proposal stage, articles as well as journals on Global teams, Global projects as well as key determinants of global project success have been acquired from text books and other website materials. Also journals and articles have been downloaded from electronic search engines. 4.2 Schedule and Work Plan The research is expected to be completed in four months representing the third semester duration. The research is expected to be completed on 29th September 2011. Figure 2 below shows the proposed dissertation duration work plan. Figure 2: Proposed research duration 5.0 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS The data required for the proposed research are publicly available and easily accessible electronically and from libraries. No form of unethical practice is required to gain access to the data required for analysis. Furthermore, all data will be objectively presented and analysed and all literature used will be properly acknowledged. 6.0 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION      Key Determinants of success / Critical success factors: CHAPTER TWO    LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Purpose of the Literature Review Literature review is considered a significant part of the research, given that, the researcher will be given the opportunity to appraise reliable past and current materials put together by authors about key determinants of success in global project team implementation. Literature Review will provide evidence on the eligibility of the topic by way of: Demonstrating opinions and facts discovered through the research. Justifying the inclusion of definite works in the review in an attempt to make the literature useful. 2.1 Global Project Teams In a quest to strategically improve effectively by means of integrating resources to gain competitive advantage, organisations are meticulously embarking on international projects by developing alliances across the globe. Geographically dispersed multinational project activities have become a competitive tool in contemporary business environments of which Cleland and Gareis (2006) assesses features such as differences in skills and culture team members bring on board, timely and cost-effectiveness projects as well as technology transfers across borders. 2.2 Global Projects 2.3 Significance of Global Project Team Implementation in the 21st Era REFERENCES GOVINDARAJAN, G. V. and GUPTA, G.A.K., 2001. Building an Effective Global Business Team. MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 42, No. 4 HENRIE, M. and SOUSA-POZA, A. 2005. Project Management: A cultural literary review.   Project  Management Journal 36(2), 5 14. LARSON, W. and GRAY, F., 2011. Project Management: Managerial Process. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. CLELAND, D. I. and GAREIS, R., 2006. Global Project Management Handbook. Planning, Organising and Controlling International Projects. 2nd ed. USA: McGraw-Hill. TOMLINSON, J., 1999. Globalization and Culture. University of Chicago Press. HOLSTEIN, J., GUBRIUM, J.F., 2002. Qualitative Research. Encyclopaedia of Aging. [Online] Available from encyclopedia.com/topic/Qualitative_research.aspx (Accessed May 3 2011) CARMICHAEL, D.G., 2003. Project Management Framework, A.A. Balkema HELDMAN, K. and MANGANO, V., 2009. PMP: Project Management Professional Exam Review Guide. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing Ltd. GOLDBERG, R., 2008. The Growing Importance of Global Collaboration. [Online] Available from theicpm.com/blog/item/676-the-growing-importance-of-global-collaboration   (Accessed May 26 2011) FREEDMAN, S., and KATZ, L. 2007. Critical Success Factors for International Projects. PM World Today. Vol. IX, Issue IX. [Online] Available from pmforum.org/library/papers/2007/PDFs/Freedman_Katz-10-07.pdf (Accessed May 26 2011) BIBILOGRAPHY EBERLEIN, M., 2008. Culture as a critical success factor for successful Global project management in multi-national IT service projects. Journal of Information Technology Management Volume XIX, NO. 3.